Glass Type Classification with Machine Learning

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Glass is a fully recyclable and sustainable material used in the fabrication of everything from tableware or windows for the automotive and the construction industries to more technical glass, such as flat screens for smartphones. Demand for glass is on the rise due to population and infrastructure growth. Glass is made in furnaces at very high temperatures with a process that requires constant improvement to meet the energy efficiency and environmental challenges posed by the manufacturing cycle.

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Enhancing efficiency with oxygen Fuel technology The glass industry is under severe cost constraints and increasing environmental pressure to reduce emissions. Air Liquide provides glass manufacturers with solutions to improve their competitiveness and environmental footprint.

As long standing experts in oxy-combustion, which is the process of burning a fuel using pure oxygen instead of air as the primary oxidant, we have substantial R&D resources and a strong experience in glass making

Glass Production Process Steps:

Glass melting

Before glass can even be formed, raw materials, mainly sand, and recycled glass must be melted at extremely high temperatures (1,400°C). To achieve the heat intensity required in the glass furnaces, Air Liquide steps in with oxy-combustion technologies that replace air with oxygen, thus improving the melting process, reducing air pollutant emissions and saving fuel. Our Nexelia™ all-in-one solutions allow for rapid alternation of melting temperatures, for operational flexibility and for automatic temperature control in a wide range of glass furnace sizes.

Glass polishing

Before a finished product can be packaged and put on the market, defaults must be removed. Air Liquide supplies oxy-natural based gas and oxy-hydrogen based combustion technologies to polish the product surface and remove the defaults present in glass. This gives products, including fine items such as tableware, perfume bottles and crystal glasses, a pleasing, smooth and shiny appearance.

Insulated glass

Air Liquide provides glass insulation solutions that involve injecting rare gases such as argon, xenon and krypton into multiple-glazed windows. Not only does this improve building acoustics, it also substantially increases energy efficiency, helping protect the environment

Attribute Information:

  1. Id number: 1 to 214 (removed from CSV file)
  2. RI: refractive index
  3. Na: Sodium (unit measurement: weight percent in corresponding oxide, as are attributes 4-10)
  4. Mg: Magnesium
  5. Al: Aluminum
  6. Si: Silicon
  7. K: Potassium
  8. Ca: Calcium
  9. Ba: Barium
  10. Fe: Iron
  11. Type of glass: (class attribute)
    -- 1 buildingwindowsfloatprocessed
    -- 2 buildingwindowsnonfloatprocessed
    -- 3 vehiclewindowsfloatprocessed
    -- 4 vehiclewindowsnonfloatprocessed (none in this database)
    -- 5 containers
    -- 6 tableware
    -- 7 headlamps

Importing the Libraries

Contents

1. Loading the Libraries

2. Loading the Dataset in to Python environment

3. Summarize the data

4. Exploratory Data Analysis

5. Evaluation of Algorithms

6. Algorithm Tuning

7. Diagnose the performance of the best Algorithms

8. Multiple Models Machine Learning

  1. Logistic Regression
  2. K Nearest Neighbor Classifier
  3. Support Vector Machine (Linear Classifier)
  4. Support Vector Machine (RBF Classifier)
  5. Gaussian Naive Bayes Classifier
  6. Decision Tree Classifier
  7. Random Forest Classifier
  8. Xgboost Classifier
  9. SGD Classifier
  10. AdaBoost Classifier
  11. Gradient Boosting Classifier
  12. Quadratic Discriminant Analysis

Importing the required Libraries

Summarization of the data

Descriptive Statistics

Finding the Missing Values

Finding Outliers

Pearson Correlation

Train Test and Split the data

Scaling the dataset

Data is ready now for Model Building

Lets showcase the confusion matrix and accuracy for the test data